django request 获取请求的 IP 地址

资料文档

• PyPi: https://pypi.org/project/django-ipware/
• github: https://github.com/un33k/django-ipware

安装第三方库

        pip install django-ipware

view 里调用

一般用法：

from ipware.ip import get_ip  # 导入包

def view_test(request):
    ip = get_ip(request)  # 获取 request 的请求 IP

site-packages/ipware/ip.py 源码：

from .utils import is_valid_ip
from . import defaults as defs

NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX = tuple([ip.lower() for ip in defs.IPWARE_NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX])
TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST = tuple([ip.lower() for ip in defs.IPWARE_TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST])


def get_ip(request, real_ip_only=False, right_most_proxy=False):
    """
    Returns client's best-matched ip-address, or None
    """
    best_matched_ip = None
    for key in defs.IPWARE_META_PRECEDENCE_ORDER:
        value = request.META.get(key, request.META.get(key.replace('_', '-'), '')).strip()
        if value is not None and value != '':
            ips = [ip.strip().lower() for ip in value.split(',')]
            if right_most_proxy and len(ips) > 1:
                ips = reversed(ips)
            for ip_str in ips:
                if ip_str and is_valid_ip(ip_str):
                    if not ip_str.startswith(NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX):
                        return ip_str
                    if not real_ip_only:
                        loopback = defs.IPWARE_LOOPBACK_PREFIX
                        if best_matched_ip is None:
                            best_matched_ip = ip_str
                        elif best_matched_ip.startswith(loopback) and not ip_str.startswith(loopback):
                            best_matched_ip = ip_str
    return best_matched_ip


def get_real_ip(request, right_most_proxy=False):
    """
    Returns client's best-matched `real` `externally-routable` ip-address, or None
    """
    return get_ip(request, real_ip_only=True, right_most_proxy=right_most_proxy)


def get_trusted_ip(request, right_most_proxy=False, trusted_proxies=TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST):
    """
    Returns client's ip-address from `trusted` proxy server(s) or None
    """
    if trusted_proxies:
        meta_keys = ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'X_FORWARDED_FOR']
        for key in meta_keys:
            value = request.META.get(key, request.META.get(key.replace('_', '-'), '')).strip()
            if value:
                ips = [ip.strip().lower() for ip in value.split(',')]
                if len(ips) > 1:
                    if right_most_proxy:
                        ips.reverse()
                    for proxy in trusted_proxies:
                        if proxy in ips[-1]:
                            return ips[0]
    return None

用途：用装饰器保存 访问 IP

import re

from django.core.cache import cache
from django.shortcuts import render

from ipware.ip import get_ip


def get_ipv4(ip):
    """
    获取 IPv4
    :param ip:
    :return:
    """
    # IP patterns
    ipv4_re = r'(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(?:\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}'
    # ipv6_re = r'\[[0-9a-f:\.]+\]'  # (simple regex, validated later)
    ipv4 = re.search(ipv4_re, ip)
    if ipv4:
        return ipv4.group()
    return ip


def save_ip(ip):
    """
    保存 IP
    :param ip:
    :return:
    """
    ip = get_ipv4(ip)
    cache_ip = cache.get(ip)
    if not cache_ip:
        cache.set(ip, int(time.time()), CACHE_TIMEOUT_ARTICLE)

        visit_status = UserIP.objects.filter(ip=ip).exists()
        if visit_status:
            ip_info = UserIP.objects.get(ip=ip)
            ip_info.visit_num += 1
            ip_info.save(update_fields=["visit_num", "time_updated"])
        else:
            ip_info = UserIP(
                ip=ip,
                location=get_ip_location(ip),
                visit_num=1,
            )
            ip_info.save()


# 这是一个装饰器的函数，外层的函数是用来接收被装饰函数的的
def save_visit_ip(func):
    """
    访问视图函数时保存 访问ip
    :param func:
    :return:
    """

    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
        ip = get_ip(request)
        save_ip(ip)
        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)

    return inner


@save_visit_ip
def status_code(request):
    code = request.GET.get("code", None)
    status_code = {
        "200": "<p>访问正常<p>",
        "403": "<p>访问被拒<p>",
        "404": "<p>资源未找到<p>",
        "500": "<p>服务器内部错误<p>",
        "503": "<p>服务器维护中<p>",
    }
    if code in status_code.keys():
        response = HttpResponse(status_code[code])
        response.status_code = int(code)
        return response

    return render(request, "web_status_code.html", locals())